|
United States lawful permanent residency is the immigration status of a person authorized to live and work in the United States of America permanently. A United States Permanent Resident Card (USCIS Form I-551), formerly Alien Registration Card or Alien Registration Receipt Card (INS Form I-151), is an identification card attesting to the permanent resident status of an alien in the United States. It is known informally as a green card because it was green from 1946 until 1964, and it reverted to that color on May 11, 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=New Design: The Green Card Goes Green )〕〔(USCIS To Issue Redesigned Green Card ) ''American Immigration Lawyers Association Website'', retrieved April 23, 2014〕 ''Green card'' also refers to an immigration process of becoming a permanent resident. The green card serves as proof that its holder, a lawful permanent resident (LPR), has been officially granted immigration benefits, which include permission to reside and take employment in the United States. The holder must maintain permanent resident status, and can be removed from the United States if certain conditions of this status are not met. Green cards were formerly issued by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Pub. L. No. 107–296, 116 Stat. 2135) dismantled INS and separated the former agency into three components within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The first, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) handles applications for immigration benefits. Two other agencies were created to oversee the INS's former functions of immigration enforcement: U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), respectively. Permanent residents of the United States eighteen years of age or older must carry their actual green card at all times. Failing to do so is a violation of the Immigration and Nationality Act, carrying the possibility of a fine up to $100 and/or imprisonment for up to 30 days for each offense.〔INA §264(e), 8 U.S.C. § 1304(e)〕 Only the federal government can impose these penalties.〔(8 U.S.C. § 1304 : US Code – Section 1304: Forms for registration and fingerprinting ) ''Cornell University Law Schools, retrieved April 28, 2011〕 ==Reading a permanent resident card== Most of the information on the card is self-evident.〔(List of Immigration Codes ) SSA – POMS: SI 00502.215 – The Affidavits of Support〕 The computer- and human-readable signature at the bottom is not. The format follows the machine-readable travel document TD2 format: * First line: :1–2: C1 or C2. C1 = resident within the United States, C2 = permanent resident commuter (living in Canada or Mexico) :3–5: USA (issuing country, United States) :6–14: 9-digit number (A#, alien number) :15: application receipt number :16–30: immigrant case number that resulted in the approved green card. The "<" symbol represents a blank space * Second line: :1–6: birth date (in YYMMDD format) :7: check digit :8: gender :9–14: expiration date (in YYMMDD format) :15: check digit :16–29: country of birth :30: cumulative check digit * Third line: :surname, given name, middle name, first initial of father, first initial of mother (this line is spaced with "<<" between the surname and given name). Depending on the length of the name, the father's and mother's initials may be omitted. A full list of category codes (i.e. IR1, E21, etc.) can be found in the ''Federal Register''. Since May 11, 2010, new green cards contain an RFID chip and can be electronically accessed at a distance. They are shipped with a protective sleeve intended to protect the card from remote access. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Permanent residence (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|